Thursday, 22 December 2016

60 years man with Right pneumothorax and was earlier admitted for sinus pain, severe anemia and diabetes since 20 years

Title:- 60 years man with Right pneumothorax and was earlier admitted for sinus pain, severe anemia and diabetes since 20 years


Disclaimer:-

This is a HIPAA de-identified open-online-patient-record with initial information in patient's voice, posted here december 2016 after collecting informed patient consent (form downloadable here) by BMJ Elective Student.

later update - followed up this patient for more than 1 year when similar issues happened multiple times and then patient died.

A 60 year old man was admitted to the hospital with chief complaints of pain around the eyes, base & margins of the nose & back of the head, along with severe anemia. 
  
The pain has been a consistent problem for the last 5 years. Earlier it was a mild pain but has increased gradually over the time. Pain is mostly stimulated by colder objects and dust. Recently the pain has been observed to increase on sudden exposure to sunlight & music at high level induces the pain. 
  
Complaints of dizziness vomiting and nausea were also present. Breathing problems may be present as the patient was not able to speak at lengths and had to be given considerable time to speak. 
  
There is no fixed duration and onset of pain. 

The patient is also suffering from Diabetes DM 2 since 10 years for which he is currently on Insulin

BP has been normal.  

No history of Epilepsy and TB 

His elder brother had similar problems of headache and his sister is also diabetic. 

Parents had diabetes.

No drug allergy or allergy from other substances. The patient does not smoke.
 
No history of blood transfusion.

Clinical findings were suggestive of severe anemia and on investigations the Hb was 3 g%

A CT paranasal sinuses done outside were suggestive of a mass in his left maxillary sinus. 



The patient was evaluated by the ENT team and a nasal endoscopy revealed blood and mucus in the left maxillary sinus which was drained but no smear for gm stain or fungus was sent 



The patient was treated further with Blood transfusion for his anemia and Insulin was continued for his Diabetes. 



Readmission with right pneumothorax


Rakesh Biswas Boudhayan i am adjusting this patient's insulin daily by email.
Boudhayan Dm What was the antidiabetic prescription at discharge??
Rakesh Biswas Regular Insulin 12 units before each meals. He also had azotemia so long acting insulins were avoided till the azotemia recovered Boudhayan
Boudhayan Dm How bad is the azotemia Sir.....Against popular belief Long acting Insulins are actually no longer Contraindicated In CKD patients....We have to be judicious while optimising the dose
Rakesh Biswas Any link to long acting insulins not being contraindicated Boudhayan?
Avinash Kumar
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Agamya Saxena Sir, a fungal aetiology is likely.
Nidhi Sehgal Expanded OM unit with hypodensity within.. Appears fungal on imaging
Rakesh Biswas Boudhayan can you add our ENT surgeons here to share their nasal endoscopy findings for this patient?
Boudhayan Dm Prasanna Datta Request our colleague to highlight the thought process behind initial work up and possible diagnosis vs the final diagnosis
Prasanna Datta The history was little bit incomplete.the patient was having proptosis of left eye with restriction of horizental gaze for about 4 days.students missed that part.
Prasanna Datta Firstly we thought it to be a fungal one although the ct finding was not classical of that. We planned for a endoscopic surgery but the patient's condition was poor.
Prasanna Datta Then we sorted for a DNE. Surprisingly found no mass in the nasal cavity as shown in the ct.only pus trickling from middle meatus , nasal mucosa was inflammed nd congested. No culture nd antral wash out done. Surprisingly the proptosis also improved. W...See More
Rakesh Biswas Thanks for sharing the details Dr Prasanna. The patient is doing well on follow up.
Boudhayan Dm And the story continues...... The patient was admitted last week with history of fall followed by fracture of ribs on the right side with development of Pneumothorax..... Chest Drain was placed initially........His creatinine has gone up to 4.1 and he ...See More
Boudhayan Dm Rakesh Biswas Sir Is our patient in qs having emergency HYPERKALEMIA? Thats a qs probably we need to answer..... The answer probably is NO...... But should we allow the hyperkalemia to PERSIST.... Rakesh Biswas Sir Thats a more imp qs we need to answer
Rakesh Biswas Surely not Boudhayan. He needs careful monitoring and judicious insulin supplementation as per these: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857926/ information till his K+ normalizes and it is mostly because of his current worsening of azotemia...See More
Avinash Kumar
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Boudhayan Dm LETS discuss Pneumothorax for the MBBS students:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600088/

Pneumothorax is a relatively common clinical problem which can occur in individuals of any age. Irrespective…
NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV
Boudhayan Dm The only reason I could find out for the persistent hyperkalemia is the use of ULTRACET in the patient ........Rakesh Biswas Sir would you like to take a call on it http://www.ehealthme.com/ds/ultracet/hyperkalemia/
Ashwani K Gupta I am having trouble following this discussion but it appears your patient is in renal failure. Why do you have trouble finding a reason for hyperkalemia
Avinash Kumar
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Rakesh Biswas Ultracet was just begun today morning.  Also eHealthme is not the site one can rely on. 
Boudhayan Dm I know you can't rely on the site. But pls have a look at the FDA site......What options can we exercise for the persistent hyperkalemia....... Dibyajyoti Kalita Sir any suggestions. Rakesh BiswasSir Could we look at haemodialysis presently as a possible solution
Avinash Kumar

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Boudhayan Dm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDpEj5MLYOM

Put coin on chest, at the same point on back put your stesthescope and strike the coin…
YOUTUBE.COM
Angira Dasgupta The main thing to lookout for in pneumothorax is the border of the collapsed lung. This helps not to miss out on the pneumothorax. If xray is in the lying position "deep sulcus sign" is what we should look out for.
Boudhayan Dm https://radiopaedia.org/articles/deep-sulcus-sign

The deep sulcus sign on a supine chest radiograph is an indication of a pneumothorax. In a supine film (common in the ICU), it may be the only indication of a pneumothorax because air collects anteriorly and basally, within the nondependent port...
RADIOPAEDIA.ORG|BY MAEN K H
Boudhayan Dmhttp://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1105315...

Images in Clinical Medicine from The New England Journal of Medicine — Deep Sulcus…
NEJM.ORG
Avinash Kumar
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Rakesh Biswas Dr Angira wish i could discuss another 2 patients of ILD here sometime. Do you know this group here: http://www.ildclinickolkata.co.in/ One of them is currently also looking after one of our ILD patients and we were debating the utility of NAC in ILD (Dr Rajendra Takhar also for your inputs).
Boudhayan Dm N acetyl cystine , ABphylline and Pirfenidone role in ILD and COPD
Rakesh Biswas Wish this ILD discussion was happening around any of the last 2 ILD patients we encountered recently Boudhayan?
Avinash Kumar
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Rajendra Takhar A separate trial comparing NAC with placebo also found to be of no use.

Word by word...... As compared with placebo, acetylcysteine offered no significant benefit with respect to the preservation of FVC in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild-to-moderate impairment in lung function.
Rajendra Takhar Also another major published trial (IFIGENIA) looking at NAC in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It compared NAC with prednisone and azathioprine (AZA) versus prednisone and AZA alone. It found that those patients who got NAC did better in terms of progression of disease. However, there was no group getting NAC as a stand-alone therapy, so the results are difficult to interpret.
Rajendra Takhar Acebrophylline is a newer bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agent currently used in management of stable COPD as add on therapy to LAMA/LABA combination.
In patients of ILD having some obstructive element, it can be used to relieve the symptoms of sob to some extent, but it can't be considered as therapy for ILD.
Rajendra Takhar Pirfenidone is an only anti-fibrotic drug for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) approved by USFDA and other regulatory bodies throughout the globe. It works by reducing lung fibrosis through downregulation of the production of growth factors and procollagens I and II.
Rakesh Biswas Thanks Dr Rajendra would be nice to know the effect size of each of these drugs.
Rakesh Biswas Thanks Dr Rajendra would be nice to know the effect size of each of these drugs.
Rakesh Biswas In the above study Rajendra, the authors make a statement, "The magnitude of the treatment effect on mortality was large and internally consistent across analyses and sub-populations" Can any of us here analyze the data provided in the above link to explore the validity of the statement. AvinashBoudhayanAmyRajendra?
Avinash Kumar
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Rajendra Takhar Most Recent article.......http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/48/suppl_60/PA2091

Background: IPF is a chronic,progressive and lethal interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis.Although…
ERJ.ERSJOURNALS.COM
Rakesh Biswas This study doesn't appear to have a control group Rajendra?
Rajendra Takhar yes, only an observational study.....without a control group
Avinash Kumar
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